Chemodynamic Therapies for Breast Cancer

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is emerging as a cutting-edge treatment for breast cancer due to its unique mechanism of response in the tumor microenvironment. At Alfa Cytology, we are dedicated to advancing the field of cancer therapy by developing chemodynamic therapy that stimulates the biochemical environment of tumors.

Introduction to Chemodynamic Therapies

As cancer mortality continues to rise, it is urgent to achieve effective and safe anti-cancer treatments. Nanotechnology has played an important role in the development of new targeted tumor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) response nanomaterials based on Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are mainly iron-based nanomaterials, followed by other metal nanoparticles (including Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ti³⁺, etc.) and a variety of organic nanoparticles. CDT has emerged as a new strategy to enhance efficacy against breast cancer (BC) due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species and oxygen. On the one hand, the generated reactive oxygen species can directly damage cancer cells. On the other hand, the oxygen produced can alleviate the hypoxic conditions in the tumor microenvironment that hinder effective photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, etc.

Fig.1 Medical applications of CDT nanomaterials and representative reactions of CDT. (Xin J, et al., 2021)

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Nanomaterials used in CDT have the characteristics of tumor targeting ability, large specific surface area, and high reactivity, and they are effective tools for the production of ·OH and O through Fenton and Fenton-like reactions. With these nanoparticles, it is possible to improve the efficiency of tumor treatment while causing only low levels of side effects. The synthesis of suitable size and shape of nanoparticles is particularly important for their physical and chemical properties. Alfa Cytology offers a variety of nanoparticles with different morphologies and sizes that can be functionalized and conjugated with biomolecules for active targeting.

CDT-Based Combination Therapy

CDT monotherapy cannot completely eradicate tumors, and combination therapy integrates multiple therapeutic drugs into a nanoplatform and is often more effective than CTD monotherapy.

• CDT combined with chemotherapy
  Nanomedicine combined with chemotherapy and CDT have a synergistic effect in inhibiting tumor growth and inhibiting tumor metastasis.
• CDT combined with PDT
  The combination of PDT and CDT is an effective strategy to increase ROS content and activity.
• CDT combined with PTT
  PTT uses photothermal conversion agent (PTA) to convert absorbed light energy into heat energy, thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Some PTAs with intrinsic peroxidases can enhance the CDT effect by encapsulating Fenton's reagent.
• CDT combined with SDT
  CDT/SDT combined therapy can significantly improve the efficiency of tumor treatment by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species.
• CDT combined with RT
  Fenton and Fenton-like reagents can catalyze the production of O2 from H2O2 to alleviate tumor hypoxia, thereby enhancing RT, while X-ray irradiation can enhance mitochondrial respiration and increase H2O2 production, thereby enhancing CDT.
• CDT combined with MHT
  The generation of reactive oxygen species during CDT can inhibit the expression of HSPs and reduce the thermal tolerance of cells, thereby significantly improving the therapeutic efficiency of MHT.
• CDT combined with immunotherapy
  CDT can induce immunogenic cell death and reverse immunosuppression in the TME.

Alfa Cytology is a world-leading preclinical CRO company dedicated to assisting scientists around the world in BC research. We can provide you with BC chemodynamic therapies development services and help in the development of therapies and diagnostics for BC. If you have any questions about BC research, please contact us and our experts will get back to you as soon as possible.