Photodynamic Therapy Development for Bladder Cancer
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has a rich history spanning nearly a century and has been successfully employed for some time in the treatment of various tumors. Specifically, superficial tumors located in the skin, lungs, intestines, and bladder are readily accessible to light irradiation. At Alfa Cytology, we proudly lead the forefront of pioneering advancements in photodynamic therapy for bladder cancer.
Introduction to Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy is a distinctive technique for eradicating cancer cells by utilizing a specific light wavelength in conjunction with an appropriate photosensitizer. Photosensitizers can be administered systemically or in a site-specific manner, such as intravesically, intratumorally, topically, or intraperitoneally. Once exposed to laser light of the designated wavelength, a non-toxic photosensitizer can be activated and transfer electrons to molecular oxygen—an electron acceptor that converts into singlet oxygen (O2). Singlet oxygen (SO) exerts cytotoxic effects by inducing necrosis or apoptosis, thereby leading to tumor destruction or disruption of associated vasculature.
Fig.1 The basic mechanism of photodynamic therapy in bladder cancer. (Rahman, K. M. M., et al., 2023)
Photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen, and light are the three essential components of photodynamic therapy. Following a suitable route of administration, the photosensitizer accumulates in various organs within the body. Ideally, a photosensitizer should selectively accumulate solely in the target area, such as tumors for cancer treatment. In the case of bladder cancer, commonly used photosensitizers along with their excitation light wavelength, route of administration, and clinical complications are as follows.
| Photosensitizer (name/class) |
Excitation wavelength |
Route of administration |
Complications |
| HpD |
630 nm |
IV |
Hematuria, pain, and difficulty in urination |
| Photofrin |
630 nm |
IV |
Muscle damage |
| Hypericin |
595 nm |
Intravesical |
Low efficacy |
| 5-ALA |
531 nm |
Intravesical |
Poor bioavailability |
| HAL |
531 nm |
Intravesical |
Low efficacy |
| Ce6 |
665 nm |
Intravesical |
Poor aqueous solubility and low efficacy |
Our Services
Although PDT has tremendous potential, further development of efficient and safe photosensitizers is necessary. Alfa Cytology specializes in the preclinical development of photodynamic therapy specifically designed for bladder cancer. Our comprehensive range of services includes the following.
Novel Therapy Development
At Alfa Cytology, we focus on optimizing photosensitizers and refining light delivery systems for effective photodynamic therapy in bladder cancer.
Photosensitizer Selection and Optimization
Identifying and optimizing photosensitizers with high selectivity and efficiency for targeting bladder cancer cells.
Light Source Development and Delivery Optimization
Developing and refining light delivery systems, including endoscopic techniques, to ensure precise activation of photosensitizers within the bladder.
Performing comprehensive safety evaluations to minimize side effects and ensure the overall safety of PDT treatments.
In Vitro and In Vivo Testing
We conduct rigorous in vitro and in vivo testing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of photosensitizers and PDT protocols using cell lines and animal models.
Investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PDT to enhance understanding and improve treatment protocols.
Performing comprehensive safety evaluations to minimize side effects and ensure the overall safety of PDT treatments.
Our efficacy evaluations include measuring tumor reduction, and survival rates, ensuring effective cancer cell eradication.
Contact Us
If you have an interest in exploring photodynamic therapy for bladder cancer or if you have any inquiries regarding our services, please feel free to contact us. Our team of experienced professionals is fully prepared to assist you in the development of effective and innovative treatment solutions.
Reference
- Rahman K. M. M., Giram P., and et al. Photodynamic Therapy for Bladder Cancers, A Focused Review†. Photochemistry and photobiology. 2023, 99(2), 420–436.
For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.
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