Squamous Cell Bladder Cancer
Squamous cell bladder cancer (SCBC) is a rare but aggressive form of bladder cancer, constituting about 5% of all bladder cancer cases. This cancer type is characterized by the presence of squamous cells, which are flat cells that may appear in the bladder lining following chronic irritation or infection. Alfa Cytology provides comprehensive research services to support the study and development of treatments for squamous cell bladder cancer.
Introduction to Squamous Cell Bladder Cancer
The squamous cell carcinoma is graded into well, moderate, or poorly (high grade) differentiated. The findings of squamous metaplasia, as well as squamous cell carcinoma in situ along with pure squamous cell carcinoma, are helpful in determining that a tumor is a true primary squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. On histopathology, most squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder are of high grade with muscle invasion. Unlike the more common transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, SCBC often presents at an advanced stage and is less responsive to conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
The following is the mechanism of squamous cell bladder cancer.
Chronic Irritation and Inflammation
Conditions like chronic cystitis, schistosomiasis, and prolonged catheter use cause persistent irritation and inflammation, leading to squamous metaplasia and dysplasia.
Genetic Factors
Mutations in genes such as TP53 and PIK3CA, and loss of CDKN2A are involved in the pathogenesis, affecting pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
In some cases, HPV infection can contribute to the development of squamous cell carcinoma through the integration of viral DNA into the host genome and disruption of cell cycle regulation.
Therapy Development for SCBC
The identification of specific biomarkers, such as overexpression of EGFR and loss of p16, and potential therapeutic targets is crucial for developing more effective treatment strategies for this aggressive cancer type. Several pharmaceutical companies and research institutions are actively developing drugs and therapies for SCBC.
|
Drug |
Company |
Mechanism of Action |
Phase |
Notes |
| Pembrolizumab |
Merck |
PD-1 Inhibitor |
Clinical Trials |
Evaluated in squamous cell carcinoma |
| Cetuximab |
Eli Lilly |
EGFR Inhibitor |
Early Research |
Targeting EGFR alterations |
| Cisplatin |
Generic |
DNA Crosslinker |
Standard Treatment |
Often combined with other agents |
Our Services
At Alfa Cytology, our commitment lies in advancing the comprehension and treatment of squamous cell bladder cancer through a comprehensive range of specialized services. We harness state-of-the-art technologies and expertise to cater to the specific requirements of SCBC research.
Contact Us
The core focus of Alfa Cytology is to drive research and foster innovation in the field of bladder cancer, specifically SCBC. Please do not hesitate to contact us for further insights into our specialized services and how we can enhance your research endeavors.
For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.
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