Germ cell tumors, a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors originating from undifferentiated germ cells, are primarily found in the gonads, showcasing diverse histological features. To aid researchers in pioneering new research avenues, as well as to advance the treatment and comprehension of germ cell tumors, is at the heart of Alfa Cytology's dedication.
Introduction to Germ Cell Tumors
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a diverse group of neoplasms that originate from primordial germ cells, which are the precursors of eggs in females and sperm in males. These tumors can occur in the ovaries, testes, and, more rarely, in other body sites such as the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and central nervous system. GCTs can be classified into two broad categories: gonadal (originating in the ovaries or testes) and extragonadal (originating outside the gonads).
Fig 1. Common alterations in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. (MAOZ A, et al., 2020)
Signal Pathways Involved in Germ Cell Tumors
GCTs comprise a diverse group of malignancies characterized by varied tumor types and complex signaling pathways. Key signaling pathways implicated in GCTs development include:
|
Signal Pathways |
Description |
| PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway |
This pathway plays a significant role in ovarian cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several GCT subtypes. |
| MAPK/ERK Pathway |
This pathway is involved in regulating ovarian cell division and differentiation. Alterations in the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade are often observed in GCTs and contribute to tumorigenesis. |
| WNT/β-catenin Pathway |
Aberrations in the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway can lead to significant dysregulation of ovarian cell differentiation and proliferation, contributing directly to the development and progression of GCTs. |
| TGF-β Pathway |
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, mediated through SMAD proteins, is linked to ovarian cell growth and differentiation. Deregulation of this pathway can influence GCTs progression. |
Pipeline of Therapeutic Development for Germ Cell Tumors
Below is a pipeline of some of the drugs in development for germ cell tumors therapeutics.
|
Company |
Targets |
Name |
Molecule Type |
Phase |
| Pfizer |
PARP Inhibitor |
PF-07104091 |
Small Molecule |
|
| Merck |
PD-1 Receptor |
KEYTRUDA |
Antibody |
|
| GlaxoSmithKline |
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) 1/2 Inhibitor |
Niraparib Zejula |
Small Molecule |
|
| Novartis |
PI3K-Alpha Inhibitor |
Piqray® |
Small Molecule |
|
| ImmunoGen |
FRα |
GLORIOSA |
Small Molecule |
|
Our Services
Ovarian germ cell tumors, a group of malignant neoplasms originating in the ovary, are linked to the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways. Alfa Cytology is dedicated to the comprehensive study of these tumors, aiming to elucidate their molecular mechanisms and foster the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
Molecular Mechanism
- Structural Biology Methods
- Network Biology Methods
- High-Throughput Screening (HTS)
Target Screening
- Genomics
- Transcriptomics
- Proteomics
- Biomarkers
- Signaling Pathways
- More
Cell Lines
- NTERA-2
- 2102Ep
- Tera-1
- More
Therapeutic Strategies for Germ Cell Tumors
Alfa Cytology is capable of developing a diverse array of drugs to treat germ cell tumors, encompassing both chemotherapy and immunotherapy agents.
More
The field of ovarian germ cell tumor treatment and research demands diverse services. Alfa Cytology is dedicated to innovative approaches and robust support. Contact us to discuss collaborative opportunities and push the boundaries of ovarian germ cell tumor research.
Reference
- MAOZ A, MATSUO K, CICCONE M A, et al. Molecular Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors and Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors: A Contemporary Review [J]. Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(6).
! For research use only.
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