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Project Description

Please note that we are not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Central Nervous System Tumor

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a complex and diverse group of neoplasms that originate in the brain or spinal cord. These tumors can arise from various cell types and exhibit different biological behaviors, making their diagnosis and treatment challenging. At Alfa Cytology, we are committed to providing integrated preclinical research solutions for our clients.

Introduction to Central Nervous System Tumor

CNS tumors account for 1.8 per cent of all malignant tumors in the world, and despite being relatively rare, have a high mortality rate. CNS tumors can be broadly classified into two main categories: primary and secondary tumors.

Primary tumors originate within the brain or spinal cord, while secondary tumors, also known as metastatic tumors, arise from cancer cells that have spread from other parts of the body.
Primary CNS tumors can further be classified based on the cell type they originate from.

Some common types include:

Astrocytoma

Meningioma

Medulloblastoma

Schwannoma

Pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Tumor

While the exact mechanisms underlying CNS tumor development are not fully understood, several key molecular and cellular events have been identified. For example, convexity meningiomas predominantly harbour NF2 and SMARCB1 alterations. Skull-base meningiomas are characterized by other recurrent mutations, including AKT1, SMO, KLF4, TRAF7 and POLR2A. Spinal cord meningiomas show frequent SMARCE1 mutations, whereas other recurrent mutations are rare in this localization. Tumor localization defines molecular characteristics and potential treatment options.

Pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Tumor. Fig.1 Meningioma localization and genetic aberrations. (Preusser, M., et al., 2018)

Targeted Therapy Development for Central Nervous System Tumor

Targets	Descriptions
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Mutations	IDH mutations are common in gliomas and other CNS tumors. Inhibitors targeting mutant IDH, such as ivosidenib and enasidenib, have shown promising results in clinical trials and are an active area of research.
Telomerase and Telomere Maintenance	Telomere maintenance is crucial for tumor cell immortalization. Therapies targeting telomerase, such as imetelstat, are in clinical development for CNS tumors.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors	Immunotherapies targeting checkpoints like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have shown activity in some CNS tumors, particularly when combined with other treatments.
Oncolytic Viruses	Engineering viruses to selectively replicate in and kill tumor cells is a novel immunotherapeutic approach for CNS tumors.
Epigenetic Modulators	Inhibitors of epigenetic regulators like histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are under investigation.

Our Services

At Alfa Cytology, we are committed to providing a one-stop solution for the detection and therapy of CNS tumors. Through our ongoing research and development efforts, we are committed to helping pharmaceutical companies and researchers worldwide develop drugs and therapies to treat CNS tumors.

Therapeutics Development Platform

Diagnostic Development Platform

Our CNS Tumors Modeling Services

In Vitro BBB Cellular Models

Co-Culture BBB Models
Organoid Models
Microfluidic Models for BBB

In Vivo Models

Ongoing research and advancements in understanding the biology of CNS tumors continue to drive the development of novel therapeutic approaches. At Alfa Cytology, we are committed to providing comprehensive and cutting-edge solutions for the management of CNS tumors. For more information about our comprehensive services, please don't hesitate to contact us.

Reference

Preusser, M., et al.; (2018). Advances in meningioma genetics: novel therapeutic opportunities. Nature Reviews Neurology, 14(2), 106-115.

For research use only.